Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Jesoth Lalu Naik ¹, Anwar Basha Dudekula ¹, K. S. N. Reddy ¹, K. K. Reddy ¹, A. Papa Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

The incidence of diabetes is continuously increasing worldwide. Pre-diabetes represents an intermediate state, which often to overt diabetes within a few years. The aim of the study is to assess the pre-diabetes in the adults of Tirupati urban, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 9 months. A total 245 subjects were taken for the study between the age group of20-40 years. Fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test was done and samples were estimated for different risk factors. The data was collected and analyzed in percentage. 38(15.4%) subjects were in pre-diabetes stage (Impaired fasting blood glucose 30 (12.2%), Impaired glucose tolerance 8(3.26%) and with both features 6(2.4%). Apart from the familial history, elevated triglycerides levels, BMI and decreased levels of HDL was found to be leading risk factors prevailing in the subjects studied (N=245). 15.4% of the subjects were found to be prediabetic. All the pre-diabetics are identified as male subjects. It was found that in more than 50% of the subjects apart from family history hypertriglyceridemia, BMI and low levels of HDL cholesterol were elevated.

Keywords

Pre-Diabetes, Oral Glucose Test, Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose, Triglycerides.

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Anwar Basha Dudekula ¹, Jesoth Lalu Naik ¹, K. S. N. Reddy ¹, A. Papa Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

Reliable information on the prevalence of hypertension is crucial in the development of health policies for the prevention, early diagnosis, and control of this condition. This study describes the prevalence of hypertension among the Tirupati adult population of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India, and identifies correlates associated with it. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Tirupati Municipal Corporation. The study included 271 adults who reside in this area and who were 20 years old or older. The subjects were evaluated through one-hour interviews at their homes. After each subject was interviewed, three consecutive blood pressure measurements were conducted. The data were analyzed by proportions, F-ratios, chi-square tests, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Sixty-five of the 271 subjects (24%) were found to have hypertension. Among the 65 subjects with hypertension, 54 (83.1%) were aware of their hypertension and were undergoing treatment for the condition. However, among the 54 subjects being treated, only 31 subjects (57.4%) had satisfactory control of their hypertension. Ahigher prevalence of hypertension was found among subjects who had a BMI greater than 25, were 40 years old or older, had a family history of hypertension, had a history of previous cerebrovascular or cardiovascular events, had diabetes, smoked, drank alcoholic beverages, and consumed excess salt. A comparatively higher prevalence was found among males, subjects whose diets were non-vegetarian, people with high saturated fat intake, and subjects who did not engage in physical exercise. Despite treatment, most of the hypertensives had not achieved satisfactory control of blood pressure. Health education programs are needed to teach the public how to control the various risk factors associated with hypertension.

Keywords

Hypertension, Risk Factors, Blood Pressure.

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D. Anwar Basha ¹, K. S. N. Reddy ¹, J. Lalu Naik ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Anthropology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects quality of life; however, the effect of environmental factors various on MetS is not uniform across the cultures as evinced by the diverse prevalence rates. These risk factors are collectively under the influence of nutrition, lifestyle and consequent to increasing affluence, urbanization, industrialization, mechanization, rural-to-urban migration, habits of smoking, alcoholic consumption, and physically inactive etc. Although many studies have reported an association between self-reported physical activity (PA) and MetS, there is limited information on the optimal levels of PA required to prevent MetS. Present study aimed to assess the association between PA and MetS among urban adult population of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 802 adults (421 men & 381 women). PA levels were categorised by World Health Organisation criteria (2010) and MetS was defined using the modified NCEP ATP III criteria (2002). Of the study participants, 32% had MetS. Mild PA subjects had high percent of MetS (44-49%) compared to heavy PA subjects (19-18%) in both women and men. Subjects with MetS had lesser physical actively levels compared to their counterparts (p<0.05) in both genders. Mean levels of SBP, FBG, and TG were gradually decreased from mild to heavy PAlevels (p<0.05). Heavy PA was characterized by a significant elevation in HDL-c levels when compared to mild activity (p<0.05). The odds ratio of PA showed that moderate subjects were 3 times and mild activity subjects were 8 times at risk in the elevation of MetS risk factors. The majority of the adults who had the habituation of lesser PA were at risk in the elevation of MetS and it was inferred that involving in heavy PA may reduce the burden of developing MetS.

Keywords

Cardiovascular Disease, Adult Treatment Panel III, Body Mass Index, Triglyceride.

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